1 kcal =
426.9
1.58 X 10-3 4186.8
1.163 X 10-3 1
* PS = 0.986 HP
Table 10.7: Energy content of various fuels (Source: Kaltwasser, 1980)
Fuel
Plants
Cow dung
Chicken droppings
Diesel, fuel oil, gasoline
Hard coal (anthracite)
Wood
Producer gas
Pyrolysis gas
City gas
Propane
Natural gas
Methane
Biogas
Calorific value
MJ kWh
16-19
4A- 5.3
18-19
5.0 - 5.3
14-16
3.9- 4.4
41-45
11.4-12.5
30-33
8.3- 9.2
14-19
3.9- 5.3
5-7 1.4 - 1.9
18-20
5.0- 5.6
18-20
5.0- 5.6
93 25.8
33-38
9.2-10.6
36 10.0
20-25
5.6- 6.9
Unit
kg TS
kg TS
kg TS
kg = 1.1 1
kg
kg
Nm³
Nm³
Nm³
Nm³
Nm³
Nm³
Nm³
Table 10.8: Conversion factors for units of pressure (Source: Wendehorst, 1978)
kp/m²
N/m²
pa
cm WG
mbar
at
kp/m²
1
0.1
0.1
10
10
104
N/m²
10
1
1
100
100
105
pa
10
1
1
100
100
1000
cm WG
0.1
0.01
0.01
1
1
1000
mbar
0.1
0.01
0.01
1
1
1000
at
0.0001
10-5
10-5
0.001
0.001
1
Table 10.9: Table of powers and radicals
n n2 n3 n n2 n3 n n2 n3 n n2 n3
0.60 0.36 0.22 1.10 1.21 1.33 1.60 2.56 4.10 2.10 4.41 9.26
0.65 0.42 0.27 1.15 1.32 1.53 1.65 2.72 4.49 2.15 4.62 9.94
0.70 0.49 0.34 1.20 1.44 1.73 1.70 2.89 4.91 2.20 4.84 10.65
0.75 0.56 0.42 1.25 1.56 1.95 1.75 3.06 5.36 2.25 5.06 11.39
0.80 0.64 0.51 1.30 1.69 2.20 1.80 3.24 5.83 2.30 5.29 12.17
0.85 0.72 0.61 1.35 1.82 2.46 1.85 3.42 6.33 2.35 5.52 12.98
0.90 0.81 0.73 1.40 1.96 2.74 1.90 3.61 6.86 2.40 5.76 13.82
0.95 0.90 0.86 1.45 2.10 3.05 1.95 3.80 7.41 2.45 6.00 14.71
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 2.25 3.38 2.00 4.00 8.00 2.50 6.25 15.63
1.05 1.10 1.16 1.55 2.40 3.72 2.05 4.20 8.62 2.55 6.50 16.58
n
n1/3 n
n1/3 n
n1/3 n
n1/3 n
0.001 0.10 0.22 0.60 1.33 1.10 4.10 1.60 9.26
0.003 0.15 0.27 0.65 1.53 1.15 4.49 1.65 9.94
n1/3
2.10
2.15
n
17.58
18.61
n1/3
2.60
2.65
121