Eijkhout, Chow, and van de Geijn's "Introduction to High-Performance Scientific Computing, Chapter 3: Computer Arithmetic"
Read section 3.3 on pages 94-100 and section 3.4 on pages 100-102. Section 3.3 provides an additional explanation of error analysis when numbers are represented using a fixed number of digits.
This issue mostly arises when using floating point numbers. Real numbers are represented using a fixed number of bits. The number of bits is the precision of the representation. The accuracy of the representation is described in terms of the difference between the actual number and its representation using a fixed number of bits. This difference is the error of the representation. The accuracy becomes more significant, because computations can cause the error to get so large that the result is meaningless and potentially even high risk depending on the application. Section 3.4 explains how programming languages approach number representation.