Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Srini Devadas and Eric Lehman's "Conditional Probability"
Work through the following examples in this lecture:
Section 1, "The Halting Problem" (fictitious name of a hockey team) on page 2;
Section 2.1, "A Coin Problem" on page 6;
Section 2.2, "A Variant of the Two Coins Problem" on page 8;
Section 3, "Medical Testing" on page 9;
Section 4.1, "Carnival Dice" on page 11;
Section 4.3, "Discrimination Lawsuit" on page 14; and
Section 4.4, "On-Time Airlines" on page 15.
Understanding the examples is critical to really understanding conditional probability.