University of California, San Diego: Edward Bender and S. Williamson's "Arithmetic, Logic and Numbers: Number Theory"
Read example 5 on pages NT-5 and NT-6. An existential statement can be proved directly by specifying the instance of the existentially bound variable that makes the statement true. To disprove an existential statement, transform its negation to an equivalent universal statement, by using the property where the negation of an existential quantifier becomes a universal quantifier, (negating there exists an x such that P(x) becomes for all x not P(x)). Then, prove the universal statement.