2.2: Operating on Quantified Statements
Read Sections 3.3 and 3.4 on page 13. We have seen the use of quantifiers in representing statements in other languages, e.g. English, mathematics, and programming. The next step is to see how statements with quantifiers can be combined and transformed using logic rules. This reading looks at statements that have both types of quantifiers, i.e. universal and existential, used together; it also looks at the order in which the quantifiers appear.
Read example 15 on page Lo-19. Here you read about the use of quantifiers together with the use of logic operations, such as AND, OR.
As you study and read, you should THINK about the material, both on what it means in relation to what you already know and how it relates to other topics you have studied. To help you think about the material, you should look at the exercises, even if the instructions don't explicitly state this.
Read Section 3.5 on page 14 on the use of quantifiers with negation.
Please read example 9 and example 10 on pages Lo-14 and Lo-15. These readings apply to the topics in 2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.2, and 2.2.2 through 2.2.4. Here is where you will have to apply some of your self-learning skills: you should review what a contrapositive, converse, and inverse are, and use what you have learned about how quantifiers and negation affect one another.
Given a statement in logic, as you have seen with the propositional logic, we can negate it. We can do the same for a statement in predicate logic. Then, once we negate it, how can we rewrite the negated statement as a logically equivalent statement, so that the negation applies to the parts of the statement, rather than the entire statement? Why do we care? Because by doing so, we often simplify the statement or put it into a more convenient form for a particular purpose. In effect, we can study ways to translate from logic to logic in order to obtain a statement that is more convenient for what we might need.