CHEM101: General Chemistry I

3.1: Chemical Bonds

• 3.1.1: Properties of Bonds

  • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: Introduction to Chemical Bonding"

    Read this webpage. Pay close attention to how bond length and bond energies are related.
    

• 3.1.2: Bonding Models

  • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: Models of Chemical Bonding"

    Read this webpage. Keep in mind that these are only models used to depict bonding and may not explain the behavior of every bond.
    

• 3.1.3: Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures

  • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: The Shared-Electron Covalent Bond"

    Read this webpage. A covalent bond in a molecule, the most commonly occurring type, happens when each atom undergoing bonding contributes one electron to a shared electron pair. This material also introduces resonance structures. Resonance occurs when more than one correct Lewis structure can be drawn.
    

• 3.1.4: Ionic and Polar Covalent Bonds

  • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: Polar Covalence"

    Read this webpage. This material utilizes the concept of electronegativity, discussed in subunit 2.4.2. Do you remember the trend? Keep in mind that these bonding categories are models and are used to approximate behavior.
    

  • Khan Academy: "Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds" and "Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals" Page

    Watch these lectures to reinforce the concepts covered in the reading assignment. An ionic bond occurs when one atom contributes two electrons to an electron pair and another atom contributes none. Metallic bonding occurs when many electrons occupy a large region of space and their atoms are cationic sites to balance overall charge.
    

• 3.1.5: Intermolecular Forces

  • 3.1.5.1: Molecular Interactions

    • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: States of Matter: Interactions Between Molecular Units"

      Read this webpage. The tutorial takes a look beyond the solid-liquid-gaseous states of matter and explores why these states exist. This material explains important molecular interactions other than bonding.
      

    • Khan Academy: "Van Der Waals Forces" Page

      Watch this lecture to reinforce the concepts covered in the reading assignment.
      

  • 3.1.5.2: Hydrogen Bonding

    • Stephen Lower's "General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: States of Matter: Water and Hydrogen Bonding"

      Read this webpage. This material describes the significance of hydrogen bonding, one of the most important intermolecular forces. Without hydrogen bonding, DNA wouldn't exist as a double helix!