Waves

Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, usually without permanent displacement of the particles of the medium.

Transverse waves propagate through media with a speed $\vec{v}_w$ orthogonally to the direction of energy transfer.

Longitudinal waves, sometimes called compression waves, oscillate in the direction of propagation.

Water waves can be commonly observed in daily life, and comprise both transverse and longitudinal wave motion.

Waves are defined by its frequency, wavelength, and amplitude among others. They also have two kinds of velocity: phase and group velocity.

Waves transfer energy which can be used to do work.