Heat is one of the most common and easily available methods for controlling bacterial growth.
Both non-ionizing and ionizing radiation methods are applied for sterilization.
Low temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
Under very high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) of up to 700 MPa, water inactivates pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying and can be used to control microbial growth.
Osmotic pressure is the pressure which must be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Fluids that would be damaged by heat, irradiation, or chemical sterilization can be sterilized by microfiltration using membrane filters.