Valence Bond Theory

Valence bond theory states that overlap between two atomic orbitals forms a covalent bond between two atoms.

sp³ hybrid orbitals form when a single s and three p orbitals hybridize.

sp2 hybridization occurs between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.

sp hybrid orbitals form from one s-orbital and one p-orbital.

sp², sp hybridizations, and pi-bonding can be used to describe the chemical bonding in molecules with double and triple bonds.