Introduction

If the amount of data in your worksheet becomes overwhelming, creating an outline can help. Not only does this allow you to organize your data into groups and then show or hide them from view, but it also allows you to summarize data for quick analysis using the Subtotal command (for example, subtotaling the cost of office supplies depending on the type of product).

In this lesson, you will learn how to outline your worksheet in order to summarize and control how your data is displayed.

Outlining data

Outlines give you the ability to group data you may want to show or hide from view, as well as to create a quick summary using the Subtotal command. Because outlines rely on grouping data that is related, you must sort before you can outline . For more information, you may want to review our lesson on Sorting Data .

Optional: You can download this example for extra practice.

Outlining data using Subtotal

The Subtotal command can be used to outline your worksheet in several ways. It uses common functions like SUM, COUNT, and AVERAGE to summarize your data and place it in a group . To learn more about functions, visit our Working with Basic Functions lesson.

In this example, we'll use the Subtotal command to count the number of T-shirt sizes that were ordered at a local high school. This will also place each T-shirt size in a group, making it possible to show the count but hide the details that are not crucial to placing the order (such as a student's homeroom number and payment date).

To outline data using Subtotal:

1. Sort according to the data you want to outline. Outlines rely on grouping data that is related. In this example, we will outline the worksheet by T-Shirt Size, which has been sorted from smallest to largest.
   Sorted by T-shirt size
2. Select the Data tab, then locate the Outline group.
3. Click the Subtotal command to open the Subtotal dialog box.
   Opening the Subtotal dialog box
4. In the At each change in field, select the column you want to use to outline your worksheet. In this example, we'll choose T-Shirt Size.
5. In the Use function field, choose from the list of functions that are available for subtotaling. We'll use the COUNT function to tally the number of each size.
6. Select the column you want the subtotal to appear in. We'll choose the T-Shirt Size column.
7. Click OK .
   Clicking OK to subtotal
8. The contents of your worksheet will be outlined. Each T-shirt size will be placed in its own group, and the subtotal (count, in this case) will be listed below each group.
   Outlined with subtotal

Showing and hiding data

To show or hide a group:

1. Click the minus sign—also known as the Hide Detail symbol—to collapse the group.
   Hiding an expanded group
2. Click the plus sign—also known as the Show Detail symbol—to expand the group again.
   Showing a collapsed group

You can also use the Show and Hide Detail buttons on the Data tab in the Outline group. Select a cell in the group you want to show or hide, then click the appropriate command.

To view groups by level:

The groups in your outline, based on their hierarchy, are placed on different levels. You can quickly display as little or as much information as you want by clicking the Level buttons to the left of your worksheet. In this example, we will view levels in descending order, starting with the entire worksheet on display, then finishing with the grand total. While this example contains only three levels, Excel can accommodate up to eight.

1. Click the highest level (level 3 in this example) to view and expand all of your groups. Viewing groups at the highest level will display the entirety of your worksheet.
   Viewing data at the highest level
   
2. Click the next level (level 2 in this example) to hide the detail of the previous level. In this example, level 2 contains each subtotal.
   Viewing data on level 2
3. Click the lowest level (level 1 in this example) to display the lowest level of detail. In this example, level 1 contains only the grand total.
   Viewing data on level 1

Removing groups and subtotaling

To ungroup data:

1. Select the rows or columns you want to ungroup. In this example, we'll ungroup size Small.
   Selecting cells to ungroup
2. From the Data tab, click the Ungroup command. The range of cells will be ungrouped.
   Ungrouping the selected cells

To ungroup all of the groups in your outline, open the drop-down menu under the Ungroup command, then choose Clear Outline .

Ungroup and Clear Outline will not remove subtotaling from your worksheet. Summary or subtotal data will stay in place and continue to function until you remove it.

To ungroup data and remove subtotaling:

1. From the Data tab, click the Subtotal command to open the Subtotal dialog box.
2. Click Remove All .
   Removing groups and subtotaling
3. All data will be ungrouped, and subtotals will be removed.
   Data without groups or subtotaling

Creating your own groups

The Group command allows you to group any range of cells—either columns or rows. It does not calculate a subtotal or rely on your data being sorted. This gives you the ability to show or hide any part of your worksheet and display only the information you need.

To create and control your own group:

In this example, we will prepare a list of T-shirt colors and sizes that need to be distributed to each homeroom. Some of the data in the worksheet is not relevant to the distribution of T-shirts; however, instead of deleting it, we'll group it, then temporarily hide it from view.

1. Select the range of cells you want to group. In this example, we will group the First Name, Last Name, and Payment columns.
   Selecting a range of cells to group
2. From the Data tab, click the Group command.
   Grouping the selected cells
3. Excel will group the selected columns or rows.
   Grouped cells
4. Click the minus sign—also known as the Hide Detail symbol—to hide the group.
5. The group will be hidden from view.

   Click to show a hidden group
   

Click the plus sign—also known as the Show Detail symbol—to show the group again.

Challenge!

1. Open an existing Excel 2010 workbook . If you want, you can use this example .
2. Outline your worksheet using the Subtotal command. If you are using the example, outline by T-shirt size.
3. Display the first level of groups in your outline.
4. Display the highest level to view your entire worksheet again.
5. Create your own group of rows or columns , then hide the group from view.
6. Ungroup any range of data.
7. Remove subtotaling from your worksheet.